-
1 Vacuum-Electronics Device
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Vacuum-Electronics Device
-
2 VED
1) Техника: vacuum energy diverter, vertical electric dipole2) Грубое выражение: Vacuum Erection Device3) Сокращение: Vacuum-Electronics Device (e.g., vacuum tube)4) Фирменный знак: Value Express Designs5) Образование: Vocational Education6) Фармация: ЖНВЛС (Vital and Essential Drugs)7) НАСА: Vital, Essential, And Desirable -
3 электровакуумный прибор на туннельном эффекте
Electronics: vacuum tunnel deviceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > электровакуумный прибор на туннельном эффекте
-
4 электровакуумный туннельный прибор
Electronics: vacuum tunnel deviceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > электровакуумный туннельный прибор
-
5 De Forest, Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USAd. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.[br]De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.Bibliography1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.Further ReadingG.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF / JW -
6 электровакуумный фотоэлемент
1) Engineering: photoelectric tube, photoemissive cell, phototube, vacuum phototube2) Electronics: electric eye, emission cell, high-vacuum phototube, light-sensitive tube, photocell, photoelectric cell, photosensitive tube, vacuum photocell3) Makarov: photoelectric valve, photoemissive device, photoemissive diode, photovalveУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > электровакуумный фотоэлемент
-
7 детектор
1) General subject: detector, rectifier, snooper (напр. отравляющих веществ)2) Aviation: detection apparatus3) Medicine: counter (радиации), discriminator, radiation detector4) Engineering: demodulator, detection unit, probe, sensor5) Mathematics: spark indicator6) Railway term: vacuum tube7) Automobile industry: pickup8) Polygraphy: detecting device9) Telecommunications: detecting element, detector circuit10) Electronics: cymoscope11) Astronautics: sensing device12) Metrology: detection apparatus (например, ионизирующих излучений), detector (модулированных сигналов)13) Programming: listener14) Automation: detector element, primary detecting element15) Makarov: pick-up
См. также в других словарях:
Vacuum tube — This article is about the electronic device. For experiments in an evacuated pipe, see free fall. For the transport system, see pneumatic tube. Modern vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube (in North… … Wikipedia
Electronics — refers to the flow of charge (moving electrons) through nonmetal conductors (mainly semiconductors), whereas electrical refers to the flow of charge through metal conductors. For example, flow of charge through silicon, which is not a metal,… … Wikipedia
electronics — /i lek tron iks, ee lek /, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors. [1905 10; see ELECTRONIC,… … Universalium
Vacuum fluorescent display — A vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) is a display device used commonly on consumer electronics equipment such as video cassette recorders, car radios, and microwave ovens. Unlike liquid crystal displays, a VFD emits a very bright light with clear… … Wikipedia
Vacuum permittivity — This article is about the electric constant. For the analogous magnetic constant, see vacuum permeability. For the ordinal in mathematics ε0, see epsilon naught. The physical constant ε0, commonly called the vacuum permittivity, permittivity of… … Wikipedia
electronics — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) Science of electrons Nouns 1. electronics, electron physics, electronic engineering, solid state electronics; musical instrument digital interface, MIDI; electron theory of atoms or solids;… … English dictionary for students
List of vacuum tubes — This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, hundreds of tube types were used in consumer and industrial electronics; today only a few types are still used in specialized applications. Contents… … Wikipedia
Flip-flop (electronics) — An SR latch, constructed from a pair of cross coupled NOR gates. Red and black mean logical 1 and 0 , respectively. In electronics, a flip flop or latch is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. The… … Wikipedia
Cut-off (electronics) — In electronics, the term Cut off identifies a state of negligible electrical conduction which is proper of several types of electronic components when a control parameter (which usually is a well defined voltage or electric current, but could… … Wikipedia
Space Electronics — LLC is a company based in Connecticut that specializes in mass properties measurement instruments.HistoryDick Boynton founded Space Electronics in 1959 while attending graduate courses at Yale University. The company existed in Dick s basement… … Wikipedia
Semiconductor device — Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. Semiconductor devices have replaced thermionic devices (vacuum tubes) in most … Wikipedia
